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A = cross-section area of flow
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B = channel surface width
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CF = discharge coefficient for free-flow undershot gate
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CG = reference discharge coefficient for gate
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CS = discharge coefficient for submerged undershot gate
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g = acceleration of gravity
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H = total head
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h = height of water surface above datum
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hs = gate height for overflow
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K = Strickler’s coefficient
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k = 0 for lateral inflow, 1 for lateral outflow
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kF = flow reduction coefficient for submerged gate
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L = length of weir crest
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n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
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Q = volumetric rate of discharge
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q = discharge per unit length
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R = hydraulic radius
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So = bed slope
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Sf = friction slope
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V = mean velocity
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W= undershot gate or offtake opening
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x= distance in the direction of flow
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y= vertical depth of flow
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Z= elevation
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Zc= critical elevation
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e= small increment
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m= discharge coefficient for pipe free flow
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m’= discharge coefficient for pipe submerged
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mF= discharge coefficient for free flow weir
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mS= discharge coefficient for submerged weir
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S= summation symbol